Clear mountain water can still carry disease-causing organisms. Choose a treatment method based on the water source, local risks and the manufacturer’s verified performance.
Squeeze filters
Lightweight and convenient. Many remove protozoa and bacteria but not viruses. A wet hollow-fiber filter that freezes may be damaged even if it looks intact; follow manufacturer replacement guidance.
Pump filters
Useful for drawing from shallow sources and for some silty water. They add weight and require maintenance. Not every pump filter removes viruses.
Boiling
Bring clear water to a rolling boil for one minute, or three minutes above 6,500 feet, following CDC guidance. Boiling inactivates pathogens but does not remove chemical contaminants or sediment.
For cloudy water, let sediment settle or prefilter before treatment. Chemical disinfectants also vary in effectiveness, especially against Cryptosporidium. Carry a backup appropriate to your route.
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